Klaser

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opis:
http://www.boeliem.com/content/2010/859.html

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Some 40 years before the laying of the first railway line in the Holy Land there had been talk of a rail link between Jaffa and Jerusalem, and plans had been drawn up by Montefiore in 1857 and by the American, Zimpel, in 1862, while Oliphant had proposed the construction of a whole rail network.

The Jaff - Jerusalem Railway

In the year 1888 the Jew, Joseph Navon of Jerusalem, was granted a concession to construct a line from Jaffa to Jerusalem with branches to Nablus and Gaza. Due to financial difficulties, Navon sold the concession to a group of French investors and the line was inaugurated with great pomp and splendor in 1892. The track was narrow gauge - 100 cm. wide - part of the equipment was purchased from De Lesseps' company after its failure to construct the Panama Canal. The original timetable allowed for one train a day in each direction; the journey itself took four hours. Later on, more trains were added and the time was reduced to 3 1/2 hours. The line served mainly the pilgrim traffic and the carriage of mail. In 1918 the track was converted to standard gauge.

[dana]

 

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The Second Aliya 1903-1914

As opposed to the First Aliya immigrants that settled in agricultural villages and were mainly mature adults and families, the immigrants that came from 1903 onwards consisted more of young singles. 35,000 people were part of the Second Aliya until 1914. The Second Aliya laid the foundations for the institutions of social and political bodies of the Jewish Yishuv: the kibbutz; the Hebrew town - Tel Aviv; "Hashomer", the first political parties; Workers Union; and health and aid institutions. At this time, the first Hebrew high school was established and foundations were laid for the institutions of higher education.
Immigrants of the Second Alyia also deeply made their mark in the fields of art, literature and culture and the small Jewish settlement of Eretz Yisrael became the Hebrew creative center for the whole world. Writers like Yosef Haim Brener and the young S.Y. Agnon wrote and created here. The Hebrew Language celebrated its victory in the "language war".
Many future leaders of Israel came with the Second Aliya: the first three Prime Ministers (Ben Gurion, Sharett and Eshkol) and the second and third Presidents (Ben Zvi and Shazar).
Tension developed between those of the First and Second Aliyot since each side claimed first rights. There is no dispute however that both Aliyot, first and second, helped create the new Jewish Yishuv in Eretz Yisrael, which eventually established the State of Israel in 1948.

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opis:
http://www.boeliem.com/content/1998/577.html

[dana]

zebys ty mi byl zdrow lipniaczku... ale super te znaczki sa... 

[lipniaczek]

...dzieki ...nareszcie znalazla sie wlasciwa formula - pokrywanie wiadomosci i historii... ma dzialac jak masaz na zmeczone plecki...




opis:
http://www.boeliem.com/content/1992/454.html

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http://www.boeliem.com/content/2015/979.html

[dana]

Dear lipniaczek!

Thank you for the warm wellcoming stamps for my Keren (a beam of light in hebrew)!

Alex

[lipniaczek]

...zdaje sie, ze imie Keren ma cos wspolnego z czasem jej narodzin - tez mi sie skojarzyla z gwiazdeczka... ...jeszcze raz gratulacje - i dziekuje za pozdrowienia...
you guys are all wonderful!

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"Bene Israel" community, India
The Bene Israel community, the largest of the three Jewish communities in India, lives alongside the Baghdad and the Kochin Jews. For generations the community members lived in villages in the State of Maharashtra in Western India. Their traditional occupations were the production of oil, tilling the soil and carpentry. Under British rule, from the end of 17th century onwards, many community members moved to cities and acquired various professions in public services, especially in the postal and telegraph services, customs, railroad, shipping and medicine.
Socially the relationships between Bene Israel and their Hindu, Moslem and Christian neighbors were friendly, each honoring the customs of the other.
The Jews in India were never faced with prohibitions or limitations in dress, which they were freeto choose according to their needs and ability. The Sari has always been the most common dress throughout India, amongst women of all religions. There have been no significant changes in the Sari over the generations, and it's current form is the same as when it made its first appearance in the first century CE. The Sari is a six to nine meter long piece of cloth, about a meter wide, not sewn nor cut, which is wrapped around the entire body. The manner of wear differs from one geographical region to another and, depends on the woman's activity. The women adorned their feet with heavy silver jewelry, and their faces were decorated with silver and gold ear and nose rings inlaid with gem stones. During the 1920's, when British education became widespread in girls' schools, far reaching changes occurred in dress, influenced by western attire, especially amongst the more affluent city dwellers, but the Sari still remains a very acceptable form of dress.

[lipniaczek]

http://www.boeliem.com/content/1978/239.html

[kasiak]

...zdaje sie, ze imie Keren ma cos wspolnego z czasem jej narodzin - tez mi sie skojarzyla z gwiazdeczka...

To Keren znaczy gwiazdka?