Klaser

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nuuuuu....naprawde na wszystko znajdziesz znaczek...

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http://www.boeliem.com/content/2007/778.html

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http://www.boeliem.com/content/1976/194.html

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Yizhak Sadeh was born in Lublin, Poland in 1890 where he received a traditional education. During the First World War he served as a sergeant-major in the Czarist Army and was awarded the St. George Cross. In 1917 he joined the Red Army where he commanded a company. With the end of the fighting in Russia he went to study philosophy and philology and took up wrestling and weight-lifting. When in 1920. the news of his friend Joseph Trumpeldor's death at Tel Hal reached him, he decided to emigrate to Eretz Israel and left the Crimea with the first - He-Halutz" group and volunteered for the Hagana.

He was one of the founder-members of the "Joseph Trumpeldor Labour Batallion" and the "HaPoel" Sports. Organization. He received a four-month prison sentence from the British Mandatory Government for protecting a Jew from the hands of Arab policemen in Jerusalem.

Following the outbreak of the 1936 disturbances he was given the command of a mobile Hagana unit in Jerusalem which carried out raids on terrorist bases. He then joined Kibbutz Yagur and set-up the Special Field Squads which he himself commanded.

In 1939 he commanded the Task Forces, the special Hagana units, in opposing the White Paper. He was one of the founders of the Palmach in 1941 and was its first Commanding Officer until 1945.

In 1946 he was given command of the Hagana's "Armoured Force" and directed the battle of Mishmar Ha-Emeq against Kawukji. As commander of the 8th Brigade, Zahal's first armoured force, he was responsible for the successful "Operation Jebusite" in the Jerusalem area, was promoted to Aluf (Brigadier). captured Lod airport. "Fortress Yoav" and was in charge of "Operation Horeb".

At the end of the War of Independence he retired from Zahal and devoted himself to writing. He was also one of Mapam's representatives on the Tel Aviv Municipality. He died in 1952. As an outstanding military commander and an educationalist par excellence, the "Old Man" was at one and the same time a Zionist and social visionary and the formulator of Zahal's military doctrine both in the matter of its daring offensive tactics and its belief in the "purity of arms".

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The Ladino-speaking Sephardi Jews suffered the terrible Holocust like their Yiddish- speaking Ashkenazi (Jews of Central or Eastern European descent) brothers. The ancient communities such as Salonica and other Greek communities, Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia, were wiped out. The majority of the Sephardi Jewish community in Europe was annihilated. It was thought that after the devastating Holocaust, Ladino would not be revived. However, recent years have seen an awakening towards all that is connected to language and heritage. There are poetry books and folklore and research is being carried out.

The language is studied in universities and other institutions. The highlight is the National Authority for Ladino Culture Bill, for the development and preservation of the language, passed in 1996 by the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) and the establishment of the National Authority for Ladino Culture headed by Yitzhak Navon, Israel's fifth President.

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http://www.boeliem.com/content/2002/657.html

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Eliahu Hakim, born in 1925 in Beirut, immigrated to Eretz Israel with his family at the age of seven. He lived in Haifa, and early on volunteered for the British Army and was sent to Egypt, where he was active for the Jewish underground, distributing propaganda material and sending arms to Eretz Israel.

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Deserting from the British Army, Hakim joined forces with Eliahu Bet Tzuri, born in 1922 son of one of Tel Aviv's veteran families.



Bet Tzuri entered the ranks of Etzel in 1937, and in 1940, when the more extreme elements split from the parent organization to form "Lehi" - Freedom Fighters, moved to the new group. Hakim and Bet Tzuri met in Cairo where, on 6 November 1944, they took part in the assassination of Lord Moyne, British Minister of State for the Middle East, who resided in Cairo. Both were captured and sentenced to death. They were hanged in Cairo on 22 March 1945, and in 1975, on 26 June, were reburied on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.

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Acre
The high point in the history of the city of Acre began with the Crusader conquest in 1104.  Acre was already an important port city then, but during the Crusader period it became the primary commercial center in Eretz Yisrael and served as the capital of the Crusader Kingdom for a century (1191-1291). The city was divided into quarters housing the military knights' orders (the Hospitaller, the Templar and the Teutonic) as well as the Italian commercial communes representing Italy's major commercial cities – Venice, Genoa and Piza. Each of these communities built grand structures that reflected Acre's status then as one of the world's major cities, with a population of some 40,000.

The most impressive building to survive today is the Hospitaller Dining Hall (the "Crypt"), built in the Gothic cross-beamed vaulted style developed in France and Italy in the 12th century, replicated in Acre.

The city was conquered in 1291 by the Mamluks and was totally destroyed. It remained in ruins for hundreds of years until the 17th century, when it was rebuilt by the Druze ruler Fakhr al-Din. Today, it constitutes a unique example of an Ottoman walled city built on the ruins of a Crusader city whose plan it preserved.

[dana]

hakim i beit tzuri znani sa dzisiaj jako 'dwoch eliyahow'...






nazywam ladino sfaradyjskim yiddish... yehoram gaon ma caly repertuar w ladino...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pefEBh_psIA

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...ktos tam bedzie musial sie wdrapac... i to w nocy...


http://www.boeliem.com/content/2004/706.html